The UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination (Prelims) is the first stage of the IAS exam and serves as a screening test for the UPSC Mains. It consists of two papers: General Studies Paper I and the CSAT (General Studies Paper II).
Understanding the syllabus thoroughly and preparing strategically is essential to clear this stage.
UPSC Prelims Exam Pattern
| Paper | Subject | Marks | No. of Questions | Duration | Negative Marking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paper I | General Studies (GS) | 200 | 100 | 2 Hours | Yes (1/3rd per wrong answer) |
| Paper II | CSAT (Aptitude Test) | 200 | 80 | 2 Hours | Yes (1/3rd per wrong answer) |
- Paper I (General Studies I) is counted for merit and determines selection for Mains.
- Paper II (CSAT) is qualifying (33% or 66 marks required to pass).
- Both papers are objective type (MCQs) and conducted on the same day.
UPSC Prelims Syllabus
1. General Studies (Paper I) – 200 Marks
The General Studies paper covers a wide range of topics:
-
History of India & Indian National Movement
- Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Indian History
- Important Indian Dynasties and Cultural Heritage
- Freedom Struggle & Major Personalities
-
Indian & World Geography
- Physical, Social & Economic Geography of India and the World
- Key Geographical Features, Climate, Resources
-
Indian Polity & Governance
- Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj
- Public Policy, Rights Issues
-
Economic & Social Development
- Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion
- Government Schemes & Economic Policies
-
Environment & Ecology
- Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Issues
- Conservation Efforts & International Agreements
-
General Science & Technology
- Basics of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology
- Space & Defence Technologies, IT, Biotechnology
-
Current Affairs & General Awareness
- Important National & International Events
- Reports, Indices, and Summits
2. CSAT (Paper II) – 200 Marks (Qualifying Paper)
CSAT is an aptitude test designed to assess a candidate’s reasoning and analytical skills. The syllabus includes:
- Comprehension (English & Hindi)
- Logical & Analytical Reasoning
- Basic Numeracy (Class 10 level Maths)
- Decision Making & Problem-Solving
- Interpersonal Skills, Communication Skills
How to Prepare for UPSC Prelims?
1. Understand the Syllabus & Previous Year Papers
- Download the official UPSC syllabus and analyze previous years’ question papers to identify trends.
2. Follow a Structured Study Plan
- Cover all subjects in a balanced manner and focus more on high-weightage areas.
3. Best Books for Prelims Preparation
| Subject | Recommended Books |
|---|---|
| History | NCERT (6th-12th), Spectrum Modern India |
| Polity | M. Laxmikanth – Indian Polity |
| Geography | NCERT (6th-12th), G.C. Leong |
| Economy | Ramesh Singh, Economic Survey, Budget |
| Environment | Shankar IAS Environment |
| Science & Tech | NCERT Science (6th-10th), Current Affairs |
| Current Affairs | The Hindu, PIB, Yojana, Monthly Magazines |
4. Focus on Current Affairs
- Read The Hindu or Indian Express daily.
- Follow government websites like PIB, PRS, and Economic Survey.
- Make short notes on important issues.
5. Practice Mock Tests & Revise
- Attempt full-length mock tests from October to May (at least 50).
- Revise NCERTs and standard books multiple times.
6. CSAT Strategy (Paper-II)
- Since it is qualifying, practice basic maths, comprehension, and reasoning regularly.
7. Time Management & Smart Guessing
- Avoid negative marking by eliminating wrong options first.
- Solve 80+ questions in GS Paper I to maximize scoring chances.
Final Thoughts
The UPSC Prelims exam is all about precision, speed, and conceptual clarity. A solid strategy with regular revision, mock tests, and current affairs preparation will boost your chances of success. Stay consistent, stay focused, and keep practicing!
