Current Affairs

          1.Winner: Flesh by David Szalay.Date & place of announcement: Awarded at a ceremony in London

 1.IntroductionThe Cane Toad (Rhinella marina) is one of the most notorious examples of an invasive alien species that has caused

 1.IntroductionNational Education Day is celebrated annually on November 11 across India.The day commemorates the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam

1.IntroductionThe Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) is published annually by Germanwatch, a Germany-based environmental think tank.It assesses the impact of

1. DefinitionVenture Capital (VC) is a form of private equity financing that investors provide to startups or small businesses that

1.IntroductionThe Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri, a Guided Missile Stealth Frigate of the Indian Navy, is currently at Guam in

 1.IntroductionThe United States successfully conducted a test launch of its Minuteman III Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) from Vandenberg Space Force

1.IntroductionThe 8th Namdapha Butterfly Festival will be held from November 26 to 28, 2025, at Namdapha National Park and Tiger

 1. Context and BackgroundThe Government of Maharashtra has launched a year-long celebration to mark the 150th anniversary of the national

Context:Two Indian farmer-owned cooperatives — Amul (Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd - GCMMF) and Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited

 Context & SignificanceThis is the first-ever G20 report dedicated entirely to global inequality.It calls inequality not just an economic issue

ContextThe Indian Information Technology (IT) services sector has been a pillar of India’s growth for nearly three decades — contributing

1. BackgroundLocation: Lake Suchitlán (also known as El Cerrón Grande Reservoir), situated in northern El Salvador.Significance:El Salvador’s largest freshwater lake.Constructed

1. OverviewExercise Name: Tri-Services Exercise “Trishul” (TSE-2025)Led by: Indian NavyParticipating Services: Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian NavyTimeframe: Scheduled

1. IntroductionIndia has added Gogabeel Lake in Bihar to its list of Ramsar Sites, marking the 94th internationally recognised wetland

1. IntroductionIndia created history by winning their first-ever ICC Women’s World Cup title in 2025.They defeated South Africa by 52

 1. ContextThe Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) recently announced that India stands ready to support Afghanistan in managing its

1. ContextThe Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch CMS-03, a communication satellite, using the Launch Vehicle Mark-3

1. Background and ContextLocation: Ayni Airbase is located near Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan (about 15–20 km west).Significance: It was India’s only overseas

📰 ContextThe Odisha Human Rights Commission (OHRC) has sought detailed reports from the Forest and Revenue Departments and the Angul

 1. What is the GFP Index? The Global Firepower (GFP) Index is an annual ranking that assesses the conventional war-fighting potential

🔹 DefinitionCloud seeding is a weather modification technique that artificially induces rainfall by dispersing certain chemical substances into clouds to

1. OverviewThe Indian Navy will commission INS Ikshak, an indigenously built Survey Vessel (Large), on 6 November 2025 at Naval

1. Recent DevelopmentEast Timor (Timor-Leste) has officially become the 11th member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).The announcement

 1. Recent DevelopmentRussia has successfully completed the final test of the Burevestnik (9M730), a nuclear-powered cruise missile.President Vladimir Putin described it as a “unique creation” that no other country

 1. Recent DevelopmentEvent: The first test run (wet commissioning) of Unit-1 (250 MW) of the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project began.Purpose:

 1. Context and BackgroundThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) released its World Heritage Outlook 4 Report (2025) —

1. Date of CelebrationObserved on: 31st October every year.Occasion: Birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known as the Iron Man

1. Context and OccasionDate Observed: 23rd October 2025Event: International Snow Leopard DayOrganised by: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

 1. OverviewLocation: Uttara Kannada (North Canara) district, KarnatakaFormer Name: Dandeli-Anshi Tiger Reserve (Renamed in 2015 to Kali Tiger Reserve)Total Area:

1. OverviewName: Bajrang SetuLocation: Rishikesh, UttarakhandType: Cable suspension bridge with glass flooringLength: 132 metresHeight above Ganga River: Approx. 57–70 feetCost:

  1. Geographic and Strategic LocationChaman Border Crossing is one of the major international border crossings between Pakistan and Afghanistan.It connects:Chaman town in Chaman District, Balochistan

1. Historic SignificanceSanae Takaichi, aged 64, has become Japan’s first-ever female Prime Minister.She was elected by Japan’s Parliament (Diet) after winning:237 votes in the Lower House,

 🌱 1. What are Green Crackers?Definition:Green crackers are environmentally improved firecrackers developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Environmental

1. Background and ContextEvent: Nagaland has nominated Dzükou Valley as its official entry under the national programme to develop 50 world-class tourist destinations.Announcement by: Temjen

1. IntroductionThe Henley Passport Index (HPI) is a global ranking of passports based on the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior

🔹 1. Full Form and MeaningPUNCH stands for Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere.It aims to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere (corona) and

Introduction“Konkan 2025” marks one of the most significant naval collaborations between India and the United Kingdom. Conducted off India’s western

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred

1. IntroductionPrize Announced by: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on October 9, 2025.Laureate: László Krasznahorkai, Hungarian novelist and essayist.Citation:

1. IntroductionRecipient: Maria Corina MachadoCountry: VenezuelaAwarded by: The Norwegian Nobel CommitteeReason: For her tireless work in promoting democratic rights in

1. Background of the DealThe United States has confirmed the supply of AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles to Pakistan.The announcement follows Pakistan

🇵🇰 1. Background: Pakistan’s Offer to the USRecently, Pakistan has reportedly offered the United States to help build and operate

1. BackgroundJapan and the United States signed an agreement for the purchase of up to 400 Tomahawk cruise missiles.The deal

🏛️ Awarding Body:The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences🏅 Laureates:Susumu Kitagawa – Kyoto University, JapanRichard Robson – University of Melbourne, AustraliaOmar

🏅 Award AnnouncementAwarded by: The Royal Swedish Academy of SciencesYear: 2025Field: PhysicsLaureates:John Clarke – University of California, Berkeley, USAMichel H.

 1. Background and IntroductionLaunched: 2015Under: National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers WelfareObjective:Promote organic farming

Commissioning DetailsEvent: Commissioning of Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) AksharDate: 4 October 2025Location: Karaikal, PuducherryBuilder: Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)Class: Adamya-class

🏆 LaureatesAwarded to:Mary E. Brunkow – Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle (USA)Fred Ramsdell – Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco (USA)Shimon Sakaguchi

 India is on the verge of a historic defence breakthrough with the upcoming test of Dhvani, a next-generation hypersonic missile.

    The Sir Creek dispute is a border issue between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, with

        Recently, two wetlands from Bihar have been declared as Ramsar Sites:Gokul Jalashaya (Buxar)Udaipur Jheel (West Champaran)With

 UNESCO declared the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve in Himachal Pradesh as India’s 13th UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.Global Network: Added to the

 The Devaragutta Dasara festival is one of the most unusual and striking celebrations of Dasara (Vijayadashami) in India. Celebrated at

 Basics Ritual Theatre: A form of performance combining sacred ritual and dramatic expression, rooted in temples, festivals, and collective memory.Core Features:

 Introduction Critical minerals are essential resources for clean energy, advanced technology, electronics, transport, and defense.In 2025, India launched the National Critical

Introduction       The Indian Navy and Army successfully conducted the biannual joint amphibious exercise ‘Jal Prahar 2025’ along India’s

 Key Highlights at a GlanceReplaces the outdated Indian Ports Act, 1908 with modern regulations.Establishes Maritime State Development Council (MSDC) as

 Introduction                   The discovery of Iridogorgia chewbacca has generated interest among scientists and

Introduction                               The commissioning of ICGS Adamya at