Current Affairs

1. Context and OccasionDate Observed: 23rd October 2025Event: International Snow Leopard DayOrganised by: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

 1. OverviewLocation: Uttara Kannada (North Canara) district, KarnatakaFormer Name: Dandeli-Anshi Tiger Reserve (Renamed in 2015 to Kali Tiger Reserve)Total Area:

1. OverviewName: Bajrang SetuLocation: Rishikesh, UttarakhandType: Cable suspension bridge with glass flooringLength: 132 metresHeight above Ganga River: Approx. 57–70 feetCost:

  1. Geographic and Strategic LocationChaman Border Crossing is one of the major international border crossings between Pakistan and Afghanistan.It connects:Chaman town in Chaman District, Balochistan

1. Historic SignificanceSanae Takaichi, aged 64, has become Japan’s first-ever female Prime Minister.She was elected by Japan’s Parliament (Diet) after winning:237 votes in the Lower House,

 🌱 1. What are Green Crackers?Definition:Green crackers are environmentally improved firecrackers developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Environmental

1. Background and ContextEvent: Nagaland has nominated Dzükou Valley as its official entry under the national programme to develop 50 world-class tourist destinations.Announcement by: Temjen

1. IntroductionThe Henley Passport Index (HPI) is a global ranking of passports based on the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior

🔹 1. Full Form and MeaningPUNCH stands for Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere.It aims to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere (corona) and

Introduction“Konkan 2025” marks one of the most significant naval collaborations between India and the United Kingdom. Conducted off India’s western

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred

1. IntroductionPrize Announced by: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on October 9, 2025.Laureate: László Krasznahorkai, Hungarian novelist and essayist.Citation:

1. IntroductionRecipient: Maria Corina MachadoCountry: VenezuelaAwarded by: The Norwegian Nobel CommitteeReason: For her tireless work in promoting democratic rights in

1. Background of the DealThe United States has confirmed the supply of AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles to Pakistan.The announcement follows Pakistan

🇵🇰 1. Background: Pakistan’s Offer to the USRecently, Pakistan has reportedly offered the United States to help build and operate

1. BackgroundJapan and the United States signed an agreement for the purchase of up to 400 Tomahawk cruise missiles.The deal

🏛️ Awarding Body:The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences🏅 Laureates:Susumu Kitagawa – Kyoto University, JapanRichard Robson – University of Melbourne, AustraliaOmar

🏅 Award AnnouncementAwarded by: The Royal Swedish Academy of SciencesYear: 2025Field: PhysicsLaureates:John Clarke – University of California, Berkeley, USAMichel H.

 1. Background and IntroductionLaunched: 2015Under: National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers WelfareObjective:Promote organic farming

Commissioning DetailsEvent: Commissioning of Indian Coast Guard Ship (ICGS) AksharDate: 4 October 2025Location: Karaikal, PuducherryBuilder: Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL)Class: Adamya-class

🏆 LaureatesAwarded to:Mary E. Brunkow – Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle (USA)Fred Ramsdell – Sonoma Biotherapeutics, San Francisco (USA)Shimon Sakaguchi

 India is on the verge of a historic defence breakthrough with the upcoming test of Dhvani, a next-generation hypersonic missile.

    The Sir Creek dispute is a border issue between India and Pakistan in the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, with

        Recently, two wetlands from Bihar have been declared as Ramsar Sites:Gokul Jalashaya (Buxar)Udaipur Jheel (West Champaran)With

 UNESCO declared the Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve in Himachal Pradesh as India’s 13th UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.Global Network: Added to the

 The Devaragutta Dasara festival is one of the most unusual and striking celebrations of Dasara (Vijayadashami) in India. Celebrated at

 Basics Ritual Theatre: A form of performance combining sacred ritual and dramatic expression, rooted in temples, festivals, and collective memory.Core Features:

 Introduction Critical minerals are essential resources for clean energy, advanced technology, electronics, transport, and defense.In 2025, India launched the National Critical

Introduction       The Indian Navy and Army successfully conducted the biannual joint amphibious exercise ‘Jal Prahar 2025’ along India’s

 Key Highlights at a GlanceReplaces the outdated Indian Ports Act, 1908 with modern regulations.Establishes Maritime State Development Council (MSDC) as

 Introduction                   The discovery of Iridogorgia chewbacca has generated interest among scientists and

Introduction                               The commissioning of ICGS Adamya at

Zapad-2025 Military Drills – India’s Participation1. ContextZapad (meaning West in Russian) is a large-scale military exercise conducted by Russia and

Exercise Siyom Prahar — Indian ArmyBasic FactsAttributeDetailsNameExercise Siyom PraharConducted byIndian ArmyWhen8–10 September 2025WhereArunachal Pradesh (strategically sensitive northeast sector)PurposeValidate the use

 India’s first bamboo-based ethanol plant in Assam Golaghat facility billed as world’s first green bamboo bioethanol plant; ₹7,230-crore polypropylene project also

I  PLI Scheme: Powering India’s Industrial RenaissanceA Transformational Push for Manufacturing, Employment, and Global CompetitivenerIntroduction: A New Chapter in India's Growth

 Samudra Pradakshina Samudra Pradakshina is India’s first-ever tri-service (Army, Navy, Air Force) all-women circumnavigation expedition.It involves sailing around the globe, crossing

Introduction Over centuries, India’s civilizational wealth of ideas and creativity has continuously adapted—finding renewed expression in today's digital age. From the

IntroductionEthiopia has inaugurated the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile River, near Guba on the Ethiopia–Sudan border. After 14 years of

1. Global ContextThe world is in a period of transition and a crisis of the Western-led international order.Western dominance, led

1. Current StatusKerala’s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) has risen sharply from 18 to 30 per one lakh live births (2021–2023),

1. BackgroundNilgiris tea industry facing persistent cost price crisis for Green Tea Leaves (GTL).Farmers, mostly Badagas, protested violently in late

1. Background₹72,000 crore mega-infrastructure project in Great Nicobar Island.Poses danger to indigenous tribes, fragile ecosystem, and disaster-prone area.Criticised as half-baked

Origin & ContextStarted in 1925, led by Periyar E.V. Ramasamy.Emerged as an ideological impulse: mobilising men & women across castes/classes.Goal:

1. OccasionAssam government launched year-long celebrations to mark the birth centenary of Bhupen Hazarika, legendary singer, composer, and cultural icon.Hazarika,

India’s Strategic Autonomy in a Multipolar World1. Concept of Strategic AutonomyStrategic autonomy, once limited to academic debate, has now become

🔹 IntroductionGST, launched on 1st July 2017, unified multiple central and state taxes, creating a common national market.After 8 years,

India and Japan adopted a 10-year vision (2025–2035) to strengthen their Special Strategic and Global Partnership. The goal is to

What is a GI Tag?A Geographical Indication (GI) Tag is a sign used on products that come from a specific

At Semicon India 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi was presented with Vikram-32, India’s first fully indigenously developed 32-bit processor chip.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi took part in the 25th Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit held in Tianjin, China from 31

The 14th edition of Exercise MAITREE between India and Thailand started on 1st September 2025 at the Joint Training Node,

 1. Latest NewsOn 20th August 2025, the Arunachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board (APSPCB) conducted an Environmental Public Hearing for

IntroductionIn July 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed Namibia’s National Assembly during his visit to the country. His speech stood

IntroductionThe Vishnugad Pipalkoti Hydro Electric Project (VPHEP) is a run‑of‑river hydropower scheme being developed on the Alaknanda River in Chamoli

Why is it in the news?India has successfully launched the NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite from the Satish Dhawan

 Location: Rayang Military Station, East Siang District, Arunachal PradeshTags: Indian Army, Drone Technology, Defence Exercises, Military Technology, SSB PreparationWhat is

India and Singapore, two vibrant democracies with a shared vision for regional peace and security, are all set to elevate

Upliftment of Scheduled Castes (SCs) What is PM-AJAY?PM-AJAY is a scheme launched in 2021-22 to improve the lives of Scheduled

Introduction: India recently received the first 3 of 6 advanced AH-64E Apache attack helicopters ordered for the Indian Army—a strategic