Current Affairs

1. ContextOn 20 November 2025, the Supreme Court delivered its detailed opinion on 14 constitutional questions referred by the President

 1.Background of the SummitThe G-20 Leaders’ Summit in Johannesburg was held in an African country for the first time.The summit

1.Introduction: India’s Labour Reform AgendaIndia has consolidated 29 labour laws into 4 Labour Codes.The aim: simplify compliance, ensure worker welfare,

1.Introduction On 20 November 2025, during the 7th NSA-level meeting in New Delhi, Seychelles formally became a full member of the

1.IntroductionChina has begun constructing a large mobile floating artificial island with long-term deep-sea operational capability.Expected to become operational by 2028.The

 1. What is the Arunachal Pradesh Dao?A traditional hand-forged blade used by multiple tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh.Made using inherited

1. IntroductionWorld Cervical Cancer Elimination Day was observed for the first time on 18 November 2025. It marks a historic global

1. Background         In November 2025, the United States designated Saudi Arabia as a Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA).

1. IntroductionIndia is preparing to launch its first commercially manufactured PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) early next year.This mission will carry Oceansat, a satellite

1.IntroductionThe Raulane Festival is an ancient winter ritual practiced in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh.It reflects the deep Himalayan

1.IntroductionThe Indian Navy has unveiled the crest of Mahe, the first ship of the indigenously designed and built Mahe-class Anti-Submarine

1.IntroductionGaruda is a bilateral air-combat exercise between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the French Air and Space Force (FASF).The

1. Key TakeawaysIndia aims to produce 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of Green Hydrogen annually by 2030.Port-based Green Hydrogen pilots

1. Key Takeaways  November 15 is celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas to commemorate the birth anniversary of Birsa Munda (1875–1900),

 1.IntroductionIndia has strengthened its undersea surveillance and mine-countermeasure capabilities through the development of Man-Portable Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (MP-AUVs).Developed by DRDO’s

1. Meaning of White-Collar TerrorismWhite-collar terrorism refers to acts of terror carried out not through violence, but through economic, financial,

          1.Winner: Flesh by David Szalay.Date & place of announcement: Awarded at a ceremony in London

 1.IntroductionThe Cane Toad (Rhinella marina) is one of the most notorious examples of an invasive alien species that has caused

 1.IntroductionNational Education Day is celebrated annually on November 11 across India.The day commemorates the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam

1.IntroductionThe Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) is published annually by Germanwatch, a Germany-based environmental think tank.It assesses the impact of

1. DefinitionVenture Capital (VC) is a form of private equity financing that investors provide to startups or small businesses that

1.IntroductionThe Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sahyadri, a Guided Missile Stealth Frigate of the Indian Navy, is currently at Guam in

 1.IntroductionThe United States successfully conducted a test launch of its Minuteman III Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) from Vandenberg Space Force

1.IntroductionThe 8th Namdapha Butterfly Festival will be held from November 26 to 28, 2025, at Namdapha National Park and Tiger

 1. Context and BackgroundThe Government of Maharashtra has launched a year-long celebration to mark the 150th anniversary of the national

Context:Two Indian farmer-owned cooperatives — Amul (Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd - GCMMF) and Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited

 Context & SignificanceThis is the first-ever G20 report dedicated entirely to global inequality.It calls inequality not just an economic issue

ContextThe Indian Information Technology (IT) services sector has been a pillar of India’s growth for nearly three decades — contributing

1. BackgroundLocation: Lake Suchitlán (also known as El Cerrón Grande Reservoir), situated in northern El Salvador.Significance:El Salvador’s largest freshwater lake.Constructed

1. OverviewExercise Name: Tri-Services Exercise “Trishul” (TSE-2025)Led by: Indian NavyParticipating Services: Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian NavyTimeframe: Scheduled

1. IntroductionIndia has added Gogabeel Lake in Bihar to its list of Ramsar Sites, marking the 94th internationally recognised wetland

1. IntroductionIndia created history by winning their first-ever ICC Women’s World Cup title in 2025.They defeated South Africa by 52

 1. ContextThe Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) recently announced that India stands ready to support Afghanistan in managing its

1. ContextThe Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to launch CMS-03, a communication satellite, using the Launch Vehicle Mark-3

1. Background and ContextLocation: Ayni Airbase is located near Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan (about 15–20 km west).Significance: It was India’s only overseas

📰 ContextThe Odisha Human Rights Commission (OHRC) has sought detailed reports from the Forest and Revenue Departments and the Angul

 1. What is the GFP Index? The Global Firepower (GFP) Index is an annual ranking that assesses the conventional war-fighting potential

🔹 DefinitionCloud seeding is a weather modification technique that artificially induces rainfall by dispersing certain chemical substances into clouds to

1. OverviewThe Indian Navy will commission INS Ikshak, an indigenously built Survey Vessel (Large), on 6 November 2025 at Naval

1. Recent DevelopmentEast Timor (Timor-Leste) has officially become the 11th member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).The announcement

 1. Recent DevelopmentRussia has successfully completed the final test of the Burevestnik (9M730), a nuclear-powered cruise missile.President Vladimir Putin described it as a “unique creation” that no other country

 1. Recent DevelopmentEvent: The first test run (wet commissioning) of Unit-1 (250 MW) of the Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project began.Purpose:

 1. Context and BackgroundThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) released its World Heritage Outlook 4 Report (2025) —

1. Date of CelebrationObserved on: 31st October every year.Occasion: Birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known as the Iron Man

1. Context and OccasionDate Observed: 23rd October 2025Event: International Snow Leopard DayOrganised by: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

 1. OverviewLocation: Uttara Kannada (North Canara) district, KarnatakaFormer Name: Dandeli-Anshi Tiger Reserve (Renamed in 2015 to Kali Tiger Reserve)Total Area:

1. OverviewName: Bajrang SetuLocation: Rishikesh, UttarakhandType: Cable suspension bridge with glass flooringLength: 132 metresHeight above Ganga River: Approx. 57–70 feetCost:

  1. Geographic and Strategic LocationChaman Border Crossing is one of the major international border crossings between Pakistan and Afghanistan.It connects:Chaman town in Chaman District, Balochistan

1. Historic SignificanceSanae Takaichi, aged 64, has become Japan’s first-ever female Prime Minister.She was elected by Japan’s Parliament (Diet) after winning:237 votes in the Lower House,

 🌱 1. What are Green Crackers?Definition:Green crackers are environmentally improved firecrackers developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – National Environmental

1. Background and ContextEvent: Nagaland has nominated Dzükou Valley as its official entry under the national programme to develop 50 world-class tourist destinations.Announcement by: Temjen

1. IntroductionThe Henley Passport Index (HPI) is a global ranking of passports based on the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior

🔹 1. Full Form and MeaningPUNCH stands for Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere.It aims to study the Sun’s outer atmosphere (corona) and

Introduction“Konkan 2025” marks one of the most significant naval collaborations between India and the United Kingdom. Conducted off India’s western

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred

1. IntroductionPrize Announced by: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on October 9, 2025.Laureate: László Krasznahorkai, Hungarian novelist and essayist.Citation:

1. IntroductionRecipient: Maria Corina MachadoCountry: VenezuelaAwarded by: The Norwegian Nobel CommitteeReason: For her tireless work in promoting democratic rights in

1. Background of the DealThe United States has confirmed the supply of AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles to Pakistan.The announcement follows Pakistan

🇵🇰 1. Background: Pakistan’s Offer to the USRecently, Pakistan has reportedly offered the United States to help build and operate

1. BackgroundJapan and the United States signed an agreement for the purchase of up to 400 Tomahawk cruise missiles.The deal